Los antidepresivos no tienen efectos sobre el feto

La Dra. Anick Bérard y su equipo han demostrado que los antidepresivos no tienen efectos sobre el desarrollo fetal. Este es el primer estudio que investiga el impacto de los antidepresivos tomados por la madre durante el primer trimestre por gestantes con problemas psiquiátricos.

En términos de malformaciones fetales, no se encontraron diferencias entre mujeres que usaron antidepresivos y las que no los usaron durante el primer trimestre. La investigación se basó en el Registro de Embarazos de Québec y en el análisis de 2.329 madres con un trastornos depresivo por lo menos durante 30 días antes del embarazo. También se incluyeron mujeres que tuvieron hijos muertos, mientras que las malformaciones variaron entre las faciales a las cardiacas.
La duración del tratamiento durante el primer trimestre no se acompañó de aumento de las malformaciones congénitas.

Ramos E, St-André M, Rey E, Oraichi D, Bérard A. Duration of antidepressant use during pregnancy and risk of major congenital malformations. Br J Psychiatry. 2008 May;192(5):344-50.

University of Montreal, and Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada.

BACKGROUND: Antidepressant use during the gestational period is a controversial topic. AIMS: To determine whether duration of antidepressant use during the first trimester increases the risk of major congenital malformations in offspring of women diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. METHOD: A case-control study was performed among women who had been pregnant between January 1998 and December 2002. Data were obtained from a Medication and Pregnancy registry, built by linking three databases from the province of Quebec, and a self-administered questionnaire. Women eligible for this study had to be 15-45 years old at the beginning of pregnancy, have at least one diagnosis of psychiatric disorder before pregnancy, have used antidepressants for > or =30 days in the year prior to pregnancy and have a pregnancy ending with a delivery. Cases were defined as any major congenital malformation diagnosed in the offspring's first year of life. Odds ratios, adjusted for relevant confounders, were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the 2329 women meeting the inclusion criteria, 189 (8.1%) infants were born with a major congenital malformation. Duration of antidepressant use during the first trimester of pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of major congenital malformations: 1-30 days v. 0 day, adjusted OR=1.23 (95% CI 0.77-1.98); 31-60 days v. 0 day, adjusted OR=1.03 (95% CI 0.63-1.69); > or =61 days v. 0 day, adjusted OR=0.92 (95% CI 0.50-1.69). CONCLUSIONS: These data do not support an association between duration of antidepressant use during the first trimester of pregnancy and major congenital malformations in the offspring of women with psychiatric disorders. These findings should help clinicians decide whether to continue antidepressant therapy during pregnancy.

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