La comida rápida ("basura") es peligrosa durante el embarazo

Las mujeres que consumen la llamada comida rápida o "basura" durante el embarazo perjudican la salud a largo plazo de su hijo en gestación. Un estudio patrocinado por el Wellcome Trust, llevado a cabo en ratas aunque los resultados son extrapolables a humanos, demuestra que las gestantes aumentan de peso y se producen lesiones relacionadas con los niveles elevados de azúcar y sal que llegan al útero.

El año anterior el mismo grupo de investigadores demostraron que la comida basura produce recién nacidos con sobrepeso. El nuevo estudio demuestra que los efectos de la nutrición alterada produce lesiones a largo plazo, incluso cuando se pasa a recibir una alimentación equilibrada durante la infancia. Los problemas producidos durante la vida intrauterina se relacionan con enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes.La Dra Stephanie Bayol, una de las responsables del estudio, dice que la lactancia es una parte muy importante para prevenir otras complicaciones. Concluye que los hijos son lo que las madres comen y hace un llamamiento a una alimentación equilibrada durante el embarazo y la lactancia.

The Royal Veterinary College, Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, London NW1 0TU, UK.
We have shown previously that a maternal junk food diet during pregnancy and lactation plays a role in predisposing offspring to obesity. Here we show that rat offspring born to mothers fed the same junk food diet rich in fat, sugar and salt develop exacerbated adiposity accompanied by raised circulating glucose, insulin, triglyceride and/or cholesterol by the end of adolescence (10 weeks postpartum) compared with offspring also given free access to junk food from weaning but whose mothers were exclusively fed a balanced chow diet in pregnancy and lactation. Results also showed that offspring from mothers fed the junk food diet in pregnancy and lactation, and which were then switched to a balanced chow diet from weaning, exhibited increased perirenal fat pad mass relative to body weight and adipocyte hypertrophy compared with offspring which were never exposed to the junk food diet. This study shows that the increased adiposity was more enhanced in female than male offspring and gene expression analyses showed raised insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), Glut 1, Glut 3, but not Glut 4 mRNA expression in females fed the junk food diet throughout the study compared with females never given access to junk food. Changes in gene expression were not as marked in male offspring with only IRS-1, VEGF-A, Glut 4 and LPL being up-regulated in those fed the junk food diet throughout the study compared with males never given access to junk food. This study therefore shows that a maternal junk food diet promotes adiposity in offspring and the earlier onset of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and/or hyperlipidemia. Male and female offspring also display a different metabolic, cellular and molecular response to junk-food-diet-induced adiposity.

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