Las embarazadas obesas deben ganar poco peso o incluso perder durante la gestación

Las embarazadas obesas deben ganar poco peso o incluso perder durante la gestación. Un estudio de la Universidad de San Luis recomienda que las mujeres obesas ganen menos peso de lo habitual que se cifra en unos 7 kg. La ganancia limitada de peso en obesas gestantes, tiene varios beneficios: menos riesgo de preeclampsia y sus complicaciones, menos riesgo de cesárea, y mayor posibilidad de tener un hijo sano.

El estudio recién publicado, analiza la evolución de más de 120.000 gestantes obesas controlados en el estado de Misouri. Es la mayor población jamás estudiado en esta materia, ha señalado su autor el Dr. Raul Artal; se inició en 1990 con las recomendaciones del Instituto de Medicina.

Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Oct;110:752-8. Gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes in obese women: how much is enough?
Kiel DW, Dodson EA, Artal R, Boehmer TK, Leet TL.
Department of Gynecology, and Women's Health, Saint Louis University; St. Louis, Missouri.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of gestational weight change on pregnancy outcomes in obese women. METHODS: A population-based cohort study of 120,251 pregnant, obese women delivering full-term, liveborn, singleton infants was examined to assess the risk of four pregnancy outcomes (preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, small for gestational age births, and large for gestational age births) by obesity class and total gestational weight gain. RESULTS: Gestational weight gain incidence for overweight or obese pregnant women, less than the currently recommended 15 lb, was associated with a significantly lower risk of preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, and large for gestational age birth and higher risk of small for gestational age birth. These results were similar for each National Institutes of Health obesity class (30-34.9, 35-35.9, and 40.0 kg/m(2)), but at different amounts of gestational weight gain. CONCLUSION: Limited or no weight gain in obese pregnant women has favorable pregnancy outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

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