La Coctelera

Categoría: ansiedad

El feto detecta la ansiedad materna a partir de las 15 semanas de embarazo

Un estudio de la Dra. Philipa Green se ha centrado en embarazadas en el efecto de las situaciones estresantes y como repercuten sobre el estado fetal. Al parecer, los fetos de 4 meses son capaces de percibir las situaciones estresantes y se convierte en una advertencia para los empleadores y familiares para que sean sensibles a las necesidades de las embarazadas.

Feto de 15 semanasPor primera vez. se ha obtenido evidencia sólida sobre el sufrimiento fetal a causa del estrés materno, a una edad tan temprana como las 17 semanas.

Otro estudio ha demostrado que el estrés durante el embarazo casi dobla el número de casos de muertes fetales intraútero. El estudio danés de 19.000 mujeres durante el último trimestre del embarazo un tercio de las mujeres sufren estrés.

Habrá que tomarse muy en serio los efectos psicológicos y las relaciones ambientales como causa de alteración de la salud materna ... y fetal.


BJOG. 2008 Jun;115(7):882-5.Psychological stress during pregnancy and stillbirth: prospective study.Wisborg K, Barklin A, Hedegaard M, Henriksen TB.

Department of Obstetrics and Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between psychological stress during pregnancy and stillbirth. DESIGN: Prospective follow-up study. SETTING: Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark,1989-98. POPULATION: A total of 19 282 singleton pregnancies in women with valid information about psychological stress during pregnancy. METHODS: Information about psychological stress during pregnancy was obtained from questionnaires and measured by the 12-item General Health Questionnaires (GHQ). A score was generated by the sum of all the answers, each contributing a value between 0 (low psychological stress) and 3 (high psychological stress). Women with an intermediate level of psychological stress (scores of 7-11) were considered the reference group. Scores of 0-6 were defined as a low level of psychological stress and scores of 12-36 as the highest level. The association between psychological stress and stillbirth was presented as relative risks with 95% CIs. Adjustment for potential confounding factors was carried out by logistic regression analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Stillbirth (delivery of a dead fetus at >28 weeks of gestation). RESULTS: There were 66 stillbirths (3.4 per thousand) in the population studied. Compared with women with an intermediate level of psychological stress during pregnancy, women with a high level of stress had 80% increased risk of stillbirth (relative risk = 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-3.2). Adjustment for maternal age, parity, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol and caffeine intake during pregnancy, education and cohabitation failed to change the result. The results remained essentially unchanged after exclusion of preterm deliveries. Exclusion of women with complications during pregnancy such as diabetes, hypertension, vaginal bleeding, immunisation and imminent preterm delivery failed to change the results. Likewise, restriction to women's first pregnancy in the cohort did not change the results. CONCLUSION: Psychological stress during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of stillbirth.

Sexo, amor y... los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de la serotonina

La revista Psychology Today publicó el mes pasado un interesante artículo desarrollando la teoría por la que los Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina (ISRS), usados habitualmente como antidepresivos (Prozac, Seroxat, Zolotz, y muchas otras copias) que se caracterizan por aumentar la cantidad de serotonina en la sinapsis (unión) neuronal; pero también alteran otros neurotransmisores, entre los cuales se incluye la dopamina.

La teoría de Helen Fisher es que la dopamina es fundamental para la atracción y el deseo sexual y que los ISRS alteran seriamente la producción cerebral global de dopamina. Además, es incorrecta la denominación ISRS a la luz de los resultados.

This dopamine deficit affects people in a variety of ways, according to Fisher and her research partner, Virginia-based psychiatrist J. Andrew Thomson, Jr. Singles using antidepressants may have a harder time meeting people, because their natural sexual response is dampened. Some researchers believe desire was designed to help people select mates who are genetically suited to them. The spark that ignites on meeting someone new is telling you something: This might be your match. When you miss those signals, your odds of finding an appropriate mate decrease.

Fisher ha desarrollado su teoría en un artículo publicado por el psiquiatra J. Anderson Thomson en su libro Evolutionary Cognitive Neuroscience. Afortunadamente el artículo de Fisher se puede consultar online en formato pdf, si se quieren leer todos los argumentos. En un artículo colateral del escritor científico Orli Van Mourik, en Psychology Today se amplían los comentarios.

Link-enlace a Psychology Today, articulo 'Sex, love and SSRIs'. pdf (aviso: documento grande para bajar).

Yoga para vencer la depresión

Practica yoga tiene efectos sobre los neurotransmisores del cerebro. Se ha demostrado que el ácido gammaminobutírico (GABA) cerebral, el principal inhibidor de la actividad cerebral.

yogaLos ejercicios de yoga pueden ser un tratamiento para los trastornos depresivos y de ansiedad, condiciones que se acompañan de niveles bajos de GABA. Estas alteraciones mentales representan el 15% de las enfermedades de todo el mundo. Hasta ahora dichos trastornos han sido tratados con drogas que aumentan el GABA.

Usando la técnica de resonancia magnética espectroscópica, los investigadores estudiaron los niveles de GABA en 8 personas antes y después de una hora de yoga y se compararon con 11 personas que no hicieron yoga y leyeron durante una hora. Las personas que hicieron yoga aumento 27% los niveles de GABA en la resonancia.

Hospital McLean de Boston

El Dr. J. Eric Jensen, profesor de psiquiatría en el Hospital McLean de Boston, considera que el uso de yoga sería una forma barata para tratar los problemas mentales citados y con menos efectos adversos que los fármacos convencionales. Más información sobre el GABA:

What are GABA levels? Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter that is inhibitory, that is, it decreases the ability of other neurotransmitters to work. GABA is involved in our level of excitability. Rather than encouraging communication between cells such as Dopamine, Serotonin or Norepinephrine - GABA reduces, discourages, and blocks communication. This neurotransmitter is important in brain areas involving emotion and anxiety.
When GABA is in the normal range in the brain, we are not overly aroused or anxious. At the same time, we have appropriate reactions to situations in our environment. GABA is the communication speed controller, making sure all brain communications are operating at the right speed and with the correct intensity. Too little GABA in the brain, the communication becomes out of control, overstimulated, and chemically unstable. Too much GABA and we are overly relaxed and sedated, often to the point that normal reactions are impaired.
Low levels of GABA are associated with Bipolar Disorder, Mania. With GABA levels below average, the brain is too stimulated. We begin talking rapidly, staying up for days at a time, and develop wild and grandiose ideas. In a Manic state, we are so “high” and out of control that social problems are quick to develop, often due to hypersexuality, excessive spending, reckless decisions, risk-taking behavior, and grandiose ideas. We may feel so good that we think we are a heavenly spirit, an intellectual genius, or possessing extraordinary powers. I personally had one patient who locked himself in his mobile home and spent one week rewriting the New Testament in “hillbilly”. Another, with limited education, began purchasing books on the Theory of Relativity by Albert Einstein, sensing he may be able to use the information to invent “warp drive”.
Low levels of GABA are also associated with problems of poor impulse control, including clinical conditions such as gambling, temper tantrums, and stealing. When GABA is low in the brain, impulsive behaviors are not inhibited (stopped) by logical or reasonable thinking.

Mas información: Boston University